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55
Basic Rules of Good Practice
Emerson Climate Technologies
DOs
DO maintain test instruments in good working order and periodically check
them against accurately calibrated instruments.
Good diagnoses can’t be made with faulty inputs.
DO familiarize yourself with the operation of a control before attempting to
make adjustments or repairs.
If you don’t understand how a control is supposed to function, you can’t be sure if
it’s defective or not. When you know what you’re doing, you achieve good results
on purpose; when you don’t know what you’re doing, you achieve good results only
by accident.
DO make it a practice to check suction gas superheat at the compressor.
Too low superheat may result in liquid ood-back, while high superheats cause
high discharge temperatures. Always follow equipment manufacturers’ instructions.
DO replace lter driers or replaceable cartridges whenever it’s necessary to
open a system for service.
Regardless of how careful you are, it’s virtually impossible to prevent the entry of
moisture and other contaminants while the system is open. Driers or cartridges
cannot be successfully activated in the eld for reuse. A new lter drier or cartridge
is cheap insurance for a compressor.
DO use an accurate moisture indicator in the liquid line to watch out for
moisture contamination.
It is the single most common contaminant, and it can lead to a variety of problems
including acid, sludge, and freeze-ups.
DO check expansion valve superheat by using the temperature-pressure
method.
This involves measuring the suction line pressure at the evaporator outlet and then
referring to the appropriate temperature-pressure chart to determine the satura-
tion temperature. Subtracting this temperature from the suction line temperature
measured at the remote bulb gives you the operating superheat, which should be
adjusted to the equipment manufacturer’s specications.
Basic Rules of Good Practice
Doing a good job in any line of work almost always involves following some basic “good practice” rules, and ser-
vicing refrigeration systems is no exception. Knowing and observing such basic rules, to the point that it becomes
automatic, can prevent a lot of problems by cutting them off at the pass before they have a chance to happen.
A list of DO’s, procedures that should be followed, and a list of DON’Ts representing pitfalls that should be
avoided are presented here to promote the general adoption of good servicing practices and a better understand-
ing of the WHYs behind them. An occasional quick review may serve to reinforce awareness and help make their
application second nature.
R-22
6.1
4.8
3.4
1.9
0.4
0.6
1.4
2.2
3.1
4.0
4.9
5.9
6.9
8.0
9.1
10.2
11.4
12.6
13.9
15.2
16.5
17.9
19.4
20.9
22.4
24.0
25.7
27.4
29.1
31.0
32.8
34.8
36.8
38.8
40.9
43.1
45.3
47.6
50.0
52.4
55.0
57.5
60.2
62.9
65.7
68.6
71.5
74.5
77.6
80.8
84.1
87.4
90.8
94.4
98.0
101.6
105.4
109.3
113.2
117.3
121.4
125.7
130.0
134.5
139.0
143.6
148.4
153.2
158.2
163.2
168.4
173.7
179.1
184.6
190.2
195.9
201.8
207.7
213.8
220.0
226.4
232.8
239.4
246.1
253.0
260.0
267.1
274.3
281.7
289.2
296.9
304.7
312.6
320.7
329.0
337.4
345.9
354.6
363.5
372.5
381.7
R-134a
18.7
18.0
17.3
16.5
15.7
14.8
13.9
13.0
12.0
10.9
9.8
8.7
7.5
6.3
5.0
3.7
2.3
0.8
0.3
1.1
1.9
2.8
3.6
4.6
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.6
10.8
11.9
13.1
14.4
15.7
17.0
18.4
19.9
21.3
22.9
24.5
26.1
27.8
29.5
31.3
33.1
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.1
43.2
45.4
47.7
50.0
52.4
54.9
57.4
60.0
62.7
65.4
68.2
71.1
74.1
77.1
80.2
83.4
86.7
90.0
93.5
97.0
100.6
104.3
108.1
112.0
115.9
120.0
124.2
128.4
132.7
137.2
141.7
146.4
151.1
156.0
160.9
166.0
171.2
176.5
181.8
187.4
193.0
198.7
204.6
210.6
216.7
222.9
229.2
235.7
242.3
249.0
255.9
262.9
R-12
15.5
14.6
13.8
12.9
12.0
11.0
10.0
8.9
7.9
6.7
5.5
4.3
3.0
1.7
0.3
0.5
1.3
2.0
2.8
3.6
4.5
5.3
6.2
7.2
8.1
9.1
10.1
11.2
12.3
13.4
14.6
15.8
17.0
18.3
19.6
21.0
22.4
23.8
25.3
26.8
28.4
30.0
31.6
33.3
35.1
36.9
38.7
40.6
42.6
44.6
46.6
48.7
50.8
53.1
55.3
57.6
60.0
62.4
64.9
67.5
70.1
72.7
75.4
78.2
81.1
84.0
87.0
90.0
93.2
96.3
99.6
102.9
106.3
109.8
113.3
116.9
120.6
124.4
128.2
132.1
136.1
140.2
144.3
148.6
152.9
157.3
161.8
166.3
171.0
175.7
180.5
185.5
190.5
195.6
200.8
206.0
211.4
216.9
222.5
228.1
233.9
PRESSURE TEMPERATURE CHART AT SEA LEVEL
R-401A
MP-39
17.9
17.2
16.4
15.6
14.7
13.8
12.9
11.9
10.9
9.8
8.7
7.5
6.3
5.0
3.6
2.2
0.8
0.3
1.1
1.9
2.8
3.6
4.5
5.4
6.4
7.4
8.5
9.5
10.7
11.8
13.0
14.2
15.5
16.9
18.2
19.6
21.1
22.6
24.2
25.8
27.4
29.1
30.9
32.7
34.6
36.5
38.5
40.5
42.6
44.8
47.0
60.4
63.0
65.7
68.4
71.2
74.1
77.0
80.0
83.1
86.3
89.5
92.8
96.2
99.7
103.2
106.8
110.6
114.4
118.2
122.2
126.2
130.4
134.6
138.9
143.3
147.8
152.4
157.1
161.9
166.8
171.8
176.8
182.0
187.3
192.7
198.2
203.8
209.5
215.3
221.2
227.2
233.4
239.7
246.0
252.5
259.1
265.9
272.7
279.7
286.8
R-402A
HP-80
1.1
1.9
2.8
3.7
4.7
5.7
6.8
7.8
9.0
10.1
11.4
12.6
13.9
15.3
16.7
18.2
19.7
21.2
22.9
24.5
26.3
28.0
29.9
31.8
33.8
35.8
37.9
40.0
42.3
44.6
46.9
49.4
51.9
54.4
57.1
59.8
62.6
65.5
68.5
71.5
74.7
77.9
81.2
84.6
88.0
91.6
95.3
99.0
102.9
106.8
110.8
115.0
119.2
123.6
128.0
132.6
137.2
142.0
146.9
151.9
157.0
162.2
167.5
173.0
178.5
184.2
190.1
196.0
202.1
208.3
214.6
221.1
227.7
234.4
241.3
248.3
255.5
262.8
270.2
277.8
285.6
293.5
301.6
309.8
318.2
326.7
335.5
344.3
353.4
362.6
372.0
381.6
391.4
401.4
411.6
421.9
432.5
443.3
454.2
465.4
476.9
°F
-50
-48
-46
-44
-42
-40
-38
-36
-34
-32
-30
-28
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
126
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
150
Red (in of Hg) = Vacuum Black (psig) = Vapor Bold (psig) = Liquid
The Brand You Know.
The Products You Trust.
2003ECT -75 R8 (12/08) Emerson is a trademark of Emerson Electric Co. ©2003 Emerson Climate Te chnologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA.
TXV SUPERHEAT ADJUSTMENT
Valve
Family
"Total
Turns"
Degrees of SH Per Turn
R-22 R-134a R-404A/507 R410A
+20 F -20 F +20 F +20F -20F +40F
A 8 3.0 5.0 4.5 2.0 4.0 2.0
C 12 — — — — — 4.0
HF 10 2.2 4.2 3.8 1.8 3.2 N/A
TF 10 3.0 5.0 4.5 2.0 4.0 2.0
TRAE 10 2.2 4.2 3.8 1.8 3.2 N/A
TCLE 32 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 N/A
Turn adjustment clockwise to increase superheat, counterclockwise to
decrease superheat. To return to approximate original factory setting, turn
adjustment stem counterclockwise until the spring is completely unloaded
(reaches stop or star ts to “ratchet”). Then, turn it back in one half of the
"Total Turns" shown on the chart.
R-404A
HP-62
0.1
0.7
1.6
2.4
3.4
4.3
5.3
6.3
7.4
8.5
9.6
10.8
12.0
13.3
14.6
16.0
17.4
18.9
20.4
22.0
23.6
25.3
27.0
28.8
30.7
32.6
34.6
36.6
38.7
40.9
43.1
45.4
47.8
50.2
52.7
55.3
58.0
60.7
63.5
66.4
69.3
72.4
75.5
78.7
82.0
85.4
88.8
92.4
96.0
99.8
103.6
107.5
111.6
115.7
119.9
124.2
128.7
133.2
137.8
142.6
147.4
152.4
157.5
162.7
168.0
173.4
179.0
184.6
190.4
196.4
202.4
208.6
214.9
221.3
227.9
234.6
241.5
248.5
255.6
262.9
270.4
278.0
285.7
293.6
301.7
309.9
318.3
326.8
335.5
344.4
353.5
362.8
372.2
381.9
391.7
401.7
412.0
422.4
433.1
443.9
455.1
- Technical 1
- Help Guide 1
- Introduction 3
- Table of Contents 4
- Thermal Expansion 5
- Thermal Expansion Valves 6
- Internal Equalizer 6
- Factory Settings of TXVs 7
- External Equalizer 7
- Superheat 9
- Approximate Methods 9
- Superheat Adjustment 9
- TXV Selection 10
- Application Tips 11
- Remote Bulb Well 11
- Remote Bulb Location 11
- Operation at Reduced Capacity 12
- Gas & Gas Cross-Charges 14
- Which Charge to Use? 14
- Adsorption Charges 14
- Liquid Cross-Charges 14
- Other TXV Considerations 15
- Refrigerant Code Names 16
- Emerson MOP 16
- TXV Charge Code Selector 17
- Electronic Valves 18
- & Controls 18
- Electronic Valve Applications 19
- Emerson Climate Technologies 20
- EC3-32 and EC3-33 Systems 20
- Temperature Sensor ECN-N60 20
- Pressure Transmitter – PT4 21
- TXV Controller – EC3-X32 21
- TXV Controller – EC3-X33 22
- Universal Driver – EXD-U00 22
- XEV22 Superheat Controller 22
- Electrical Control Valve – EX 23
- Third Party Controller 23
- Electronic Valves Programming 24
- Solenoid Valves 25
- What Are Solenoid Valves? 26
- 2. Pilot Operated Valve 27
- Types of Solenoids 27
- 2-Way Valves 27
- Solenoid Valve Selection 28
- Application Overview 29
- System Protectors 30
- Absorption vs. Adsorption 32
- Types of Filter driers 32
- Dirt, Waxes, Acid 32
- Sightglass 33
- Suction Filter Driers 34
- Internal Design 35
- Compressor Burnout 36
- Filter Driers for Heat Pumps 37
- Removing Contaminants 37
- One-Way Flow, Both Directions 37
- Simplifying While Servicing 38
- Emerson System Protectors 38
- Regulators 39
- EVAPORATOR 40
- INTERMEDIATE 40
- Figure 3: EPRB(S) Brass Body 41
- (Emerson EPRB) 42
- HeadMaster HP Operation 43
- solenoid VAlVe 46
- Figure 8 47
- Adjusting the Set Point 48
- Oil Controls 49
- Emerson Oil Controls 50
- Temperature 51
- Pressure Controls 51
- Temperature Pressure Controls 52
- TS1 Introduction 52
- Housing Variants 52
- Temperature Sensing 52
- Setpoints 53
- Electrical Contacts 53
- Contact Function 53
- PSC Pressure Switch 56
- PSC Introduction 56
- FSX Introduction 57
- Basic Rules of 58
- Good Practice 58
- Basic Rules of Good Practice 59
- Troubleshooting 61
- SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 62
- No Superheat At Start Up Only 63
- Superheat Is Erratic Or Hunts 63
- Troubleshooting Ball Valves 68
- Troubleshooting Regulators 69
- R404A/R507A 70
- Wholesaler/Contractor Support 72
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